Reverse Osmosis (RO)
REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO) involves water being forced under pressure ( Osmatic Pressure ) through a semipermeable membrane. Temporary and permanent hardness , Total Dissolved Soilds (TDS), Microorganisims and...
ON-SITE SANITATION
Commonly, on-site sanitation is equivalent to ‘household latrine’, but may also include facilities shared by several households living together on the same site. The more commonly known on-site...
Clariflocculator
In large water treatment plants, the flocculator and the clarifier are combined together to achieve economy in construction. The combined unit of flocculator and clarifier is known as...
Water Treatment
Objective of Water Treatment
Objectives of water treatment are to remove the different impurities present in the raw water, to render the water safe and clean and to ensure the treated water quality meets the...
Zones of Sedimentation Basin
Sedimentation basins have 4 zones
1. The Inlet zone,
2. The Settling zone,
3. The Sludge zone, and
4. The Outlet zone.
Each zone should provide a smooth transition between the zone before and the zone...
CHLORINATION
Adding chlorine gas or liquid or powder to water and get bacteria and micro organism free Drinking water.
This is very low cost process and effective but risky compare with others process in the...
Lime Softening
Lime softening involves a relatively complicated series of chemical reactions. The goal of all of these reactions is to change the calcium and magnesium compounds in water into calcium carbonate and magnesium...
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