Effects of Excess Concentration of Fluoride in Water
Fluoride which is naturally in groundwater in concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg/L to 10 mg/L. The chemical originates in several minerals. As...
What is Environment ?
Environment is defined as” the aggregate of surrounding things, conditions, or influences such as water, land, air, space and sun ”. To use the word environment alone is...
The common types of sedimentation basins are
rectangular basins,
square or circular basins and
Solid contact clarifiers.
Rectangular Basins
Rectangular basin showing Inlet& outlet
Rectangular basins are...
Ozone Treatment:
Ozone gas, 03, is a powerful disinfecting agent that can be used in drinking water applications.Ozone has been used extensively for disinfection and for taste and odour control in Europe, US...
Types of chemical disinfectants containing chlorine are hypochlorite, chloramines, and chlorine-dioxide.
Hypochlorites
Instead of using chlorine gas, some plants apply chlorine to water as a hypochlorite,...
Chlorine (CI) gas is a greenish yellow in colour and about 2.5 times heavier than air. Liquid chlorine is amber coloured and about 1.44 times heavier than water. CI gas is moderately soluble in water with a...