Distillation
Distillation involves the evaporation of water. The evaporated water leaves behind all hardness compounds and becomes soft. Distillation plants produce a high-quality product water that ranges from 1.0 to 50...
Water
Water and its necessary
The world having almost 70 % water and its we can able to drinking water is 1% only.
Thats why desalination of water is very important to cover all human to drink.
We can...
Environment Chemistry
What is Environment ?
Environment is defined as” the aggregate of surrounding things, conditions, or influences such as water, land, air, space and sun ”. To use the word environment alone is...
Sludge Disposal
The sludge which is found in the bottom of a sedimentation tank in water treatment plant is primarily composed of water. The solids in the sludge are mainly flocs, excess coagulant, such as alum. Alum sludge...
Types Of Sedimentation Basin
The common types of sedimentation basins are
rectangular basins,
square or circular basins and
Solid contact clarifiers.
Rectangular Basins
Rectangular basin showing Inlet& outlet
Rectangular basins are...
Water Quality
Some medical instrumentation, Surgery, Dental, Pharmacy Lab etc., using Deionized or Distillation process to get their required water quality.
They are recommended for below 10...
Water Resources
WATER RESOURCES
Need and Importance of Water
According to the theory of evolution, life began with water. Water comprises 70% of the human body. It is the basis for life in any ecosystem because it...
Test for Residual Chlorine
The amount of residual chlorine left in the chlorinated water after the required contact period, can be experimentally determined by using any of the following tests:
Orthotolidine test
...
Types of Disinfectants
Ozone Treatment:
Ozone gas, 03, is a powerful disinfecting agent that can be used in drinking water applications.Ozone has been used extensively for disinfection and for taste and odour control in Europe, US...
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Reverse Osmosis (RO) involves water being forced under pressure through a semipermeable membrane. Temporary and permanent hardness , Total Dissolved Soilds (TDS), Microorganisims and other bio germs...
Water Softening Conditioning Process
Softening is the removal of hardness from water. This is not a required part of the domestic water treatment process since hard water does not have any health consequences. At a hardness of greater than 300...
Water Softner
What is Hardness?
Hardness is caused by hard water containing high concentration of calcium and magnesium ions. Water is considered to be hard if it has a hardness of 100 mg/L or more as calcium carbonate....
Operation and Maintenance Manuals for Water Treatment Plants
Operation and Maintenance Manuals
Preparation of Operation and Maintenance manual consisting of features of O&M of individual components of the water supply system is necessary for adopting in the O&M...
Operation and Maintenance for Water Supply Systems
1.TERMINOLOGY
Operation of water supply system is timely and daily operation of the components of a water supply system such as headworks, treatment plant, machinery and equipment, transmission mains, service...
CORROSION
Corrosion is the rusting of metal in pipes or tanks due to the corrosive action of either water or soil. Scales are deposits caused by the deposition of calcium carbonate on the inner surface of pipes or...
Corrosion Control Methods
Chemical Treatment
Treatment of corrosive water can be either chemical or physical. Chemicals used in the treatment are either meant to stabilize the water, to form a protective film on the pipe surface, or...
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