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TRICKLING FILTERS

TRICKLING FILTERS

DESCRIPTION OF TRICKLING FILTER Trickling Filter A trickling filter (TF), an attached growth system, consists of a fixed bed of highly permeable media on whose surface a mixed population of microorganisms is...
WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS

WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS

HISTORY OF WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS Wastewater lagoons have been used as a process for wastewater treatment for centuries. In the 1920’s artificial ponds were designed and constructed to receive and...
Cage Rotor

Cage Rotor

One or more mechanical surface aerators with horizontal axis, generally known as cage rotors are attached to the side of the ditch. Cage rotors generally resemble a large circular brush. The rotor is mounted...
OXIDATION DITCH

OXIDATION DITCH

Description of Oxidation Ditch Oxidation ditch is an extended aeration activated sludge process. An oxidation ditch is a large holding tank in a continuous ditch with oval shape similar to that of a racetrack....
AERATION

AERATION

Aeration serves three important functions : Mixing the returned sludge with effluent from primary treatment, Keeping the activated sludge in suspension, and Supplying the oxygen to the biochemical...
ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR

ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR

The rotating biological contactor (RBC) has been used in Europe for many years to treat both municipal and industrial wastewaters. RBC’s produce a high quality effluent. RBC’s are fixed-film...
TYPES OF TRICKLING FILTERS

TYPES OF TRICKLING FILTERS

The Trickling filters are classified based on hydraulic or organic loading, as low rate trickling filter (LRTF), high rate trickling filter (HRTF) and Roughing Filter. 1 Low Rate Trickling Filter (LRTF) The...
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRICKLING FILTER

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRICKLING FILTER

Advantages Simple and reliable process that is suitable in areas where large tracts of land are not available for a WSP treatment system Effective in treating high concentrations of organic material...
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT

BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT

Advantage and disadvantage of biological...
SECONDARY TREATMENT

SECONDARY TREATMENT

SOLIDS IN SEWAGE The solids present in the sewage are of two types viz., Organic solids, and Inorganic solids. Organic solids are the substances derived from living things like produces from plant and...
SYSTEMS OF SANITARY PLUMBING

SYSTEMS OF SANITARY PLUMBING

The different systems of plumbing are as follows. Two pipe system One pipe system Single stack system Partially ventilated single stack system. Two pipe system This is the best and most improved system...
SANITARY PLUMBING SYSTEM

SANITARY PLUMBING SYSTEM

SANITARY FITTINGS Plumbing is the practice, materials and fixtures used in the installation or maintenance of all pipes in connection with both water supply and sanitary systems within or adjucent to any...
ON-SITE SANITATION

ON-SITE SANITATION

Commonly, on-site sanitation is equivalent to ‘household latrine’, but may also include facilities shared by several households living together on the same site. The more commonly known on-site...
SANITATION

SANITATION

SANITATION ” Sanitation” refers to all conditions that affect health, especially with regard to infection and specifically to the disposal of excreta, sullage and refuse from houses. In 1950, the...
Water Pollution

Water Pollution

WATER POLLUTION Water pollution may be defined as the addition of any substance (pollutant) to water resource which may change the physical and chemical characteristics in any way which may interfere with its...
DESIGN OF SEWAGE SYSTEM

DESIGN OF SEWAGE SYSTEM

SEWERAGE  SYSTEM The underground conduit for the collection of sewage is called sewer. A network of sewers and appurtenances for the collection and conveyance of sewage generated from each of the properties...
Reverse Osmosis Plant

Reverse Osmosis Plant

Reverse Osmosis Simple Process Pre-chlorination : This is made to disinfect the raw water from any infections. First Filtration: By the pressure Sand filters to remove Turbidity and Suspended...
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