Water Pollution
WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution may be defined as the addition of any substance (pollutant) to water resource which may change the physical and chemical characteristics in any way which may interfere with its...
Primary Treatment
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PRIMARY TREATMENT
The first stages of waste water ( sewage ) treatment are commonly physical and aimed to remove larger suspended solids from waste water, primarily using gravity to allow...
Clariflocculator
In large water treatment plants, the flocculator and the clarifier are combined together to achieve economy in construction. The combined unit of flocculator and clarifier is known as...
Environment Chemistry
What is Environment ?
Environment is defined as” the aggregate of surrounding things, conditions, or influences such as water, land, air, space and sun ”. To use the word environment alone is...
Types Of Sedimentation Basin
The common types of sedimentation basins are
rectangular basins,
square or circular basins and
Solid contact clarifiers.
Rectangular Basins
Rectangular basin showing Inlet& outlet
Rectangular basins are...
Water Quality
Some medical instrumentation, Surgery, Dental, Pharmacy Lab etc., using Deionized or Distillation process to get their required water quality.
They are recommended for below 10...
TYPES OF DISINFECTANT
Types of chemical disinfectants containing chlorine are hypochlorite, chloramines, and chlorine-dioxide.
Hypochlorites
Instead of using chlorine gas, some plants apply chlorine to water as a hypochlorite,...
Ion Exchange Softening
The other method commonly used for water softening is ion exchange softening, also known as zeolite softening. shows below the ion exchange softener. Ion exchange softening exchanges calcium and magnesium...
Water Softening Conditioning Process
Softening is the removal of hardness from water. This is not a required part of the domestic water treatment process since hard water does not have any health consequences. At a hardness of greater than 300...
Water Softner
What is Hardness?
Hardness is caused by hard water containing high concentration of calcium and magnesium ions. Water is considered to be hard if it has a hardness of 100 mg/L or more as calcium carbonate....
Operation and Maintenance for Water Supply Systems
1.TERMINOLOGY
Operation of water supply system is timely and daily operation of the components of a water supply system such as headworks, treatment plant, machinery and equipment, transmission mains, service...
CORROSION
Corrosion is the rusting of metal in pipes or tanks due to the corrosive action of either water or soil. Scales are deposits caused by the deposition of calcium carbonate on the inner surface of pipes or...
Corrosion Control Methods
Chemical Treatment
Treatment of corrosive water can be either chemical or physical. Chemicals used in the treatment are either meant to stabilize the water, to form a protective film on the pipe surface, or...
Desalination
Desalination is a process that removes dissolved minerals (including but not limited to salt) from seawater, brackish water, or treated wastewater. Desalination plants may use seawater (directly from the ocean...
Translator
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