SERVICE RESERVOIRS
Water supply sources, such as wells or water treatment plants, operate best at steady, design rates over relatively longer periods of time. However, demand in the distribution system constantly fluctuates....
OBJECTIVES OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The objectives of the water distribution system are to supply water equitably to the consumers with sufficient pressure so as to discharge the water at the desired location within the premises. A water...
CORROSION
Corrosion is the rusting of metal in pipes or tanks due to the corrosive action of either water or soil. Scales are deposits caused by the deposition of calcium carbonate on the inner surface of pipes or...
Distillation
Distillation involves the evaporation of water. The evaporated water leaves behind all hardness compounds and becomes soft. Distillation plants produce a high-quality product water that ranges from 1.0 to 50...
Source of Water Supply
Sources of water supply
In nature water occurs abundantly as:
water vapour in the atmosphere,
as liquid water in inland waters and the ocean,
as ice in polar regions, and
as water of hydration in many rocks...
Water Resources
WATER RESOURCES
Need and Importance of Water
According to the theory of evolution, life began with water. Water comprises 70% of the human body. It is the basis for life in any ecosystem because it...
Disinfectants
Ozone Treatment:
Ozone gas, 03, is a powerful disinfecting agent that can be used in drinking water applications.Ozone has been used extensively for disinfection and for taste and odour control in Europe, US...
EFFICIENCY OF DISINFECTION
The efficiency of the disinfection depends upon the following factors:
Nature of the disinfectant,
Dose of the disinfectant,
Length of contact time with the disinfectant,
Temperature,
Type and concentration...
Water Softening Conditioning Process
Softening is the removal of hardness from water. This is not a required part of the domestic water treatment process since hard water does not have any health consequences. At a hardness of greater than 300...
Water Softner
What is Hardness?
Hardness is caused by hard water containing high concentration of calcium and magnesium ions. Water is considered to be hard if it has a hardness of 100 mg/L or more as calcium carbonate....
Operation and Maintenance for Water Supply Systems
1.TERMINOLOGY
Operation of water supply system is timely and daily operation of the components of a water supply system such as headworks, treatment plant, machinery and equipment, transmission mains, service...
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