DESIGN OF SEWAGE SYSTEM
SEWERAGE SYSTEM The underground conduit for the collection of sewage is called sewer. A network of sewers and appurtenances for the collection and conveyance…
Read article →A free engineering reference · since 2009
Water & wastewater treatment, explained by people who run the plants.
A practical field reference for students and engineers — process theory, plant design, worked examples and the day-to-day judgement that textbooks leave out.
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Nine areas, from raw-water chemistry to full plant design. Each opens a curated set of guides.
66 guides
Sewage Treatment
Primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater.
33 guidesWater Treatment
Filtration, coagulation and the unit processes that make water potable.
27 guidesWater
Sources, chemistry and the physical properties behind every process.
16 guidesWater Analysis
Sampling, testing and reading the parameters that define quality.
13 guidesDisinfection
Chlorination, UV and ozone at the final barrier.
9 guidesSoftener
Removing hardness with ion exchange and lime–soda.
6 guidesDesalination
Reverse osmosis and thermal routes to fresh water.
7 guidesCorrosion
Why plant and pipework fail — and how to slow it.
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A rotating selection of articles pulled at random from the library, with brief summaries so you can dive straight into the right guide.
Troubleshooting of RO plant Pre filters
BACKWASH PROCEDURE Daily the Sand filter should be taken Backwash before starting the plant. (The valves are labeled with numbers.) Open Valves 2 and…
Read article →Ion Exchange Softener
Softener Water Treatment Process The other method commonly used for water softening is ion exchange softening, also known as zeolite softening. shows below the…
Read article →Procedure for Cleaning with Swab
In distribution systems where hydrants are connected vertically above a main without a duck- foot bend, the insertion of swab and expulsion from the…
Read article →The treatment train
From raw water to the tap, in six stages
Every plant is a sequence of barriers. Follow the flow — each stage links to the guides that explain it.
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01
Intake & Screening
Raw water enters; bar screens and grit channels remove debris.
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02
Coagulation
Coagulants destabilise fine particles into settleable floc.
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03
Sedimentation
Floc settles out under gravity in clarifiers.
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04
Filtration
Rapid sand and media beds polish the remaining turbidity.
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05
Disinfection
Chlorine, UV or ozone inactivate the remaining pathogens.
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06
Distribution
Treated water is pumped to storage and the network.
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