SOLIDS IN SEWAGE The solids present in the sewage are of two types viz., Organic solids, and Inorganic solids. Organic solids are the substances derived from living things like produces from plant and...

Different Systems of Plumbing? Two pipe system One pipe system Single stack system Partially ventilated single stack system. Two pipe system This is the best and most improved system of plumbing. Two...

SANITARY FITTINGS Plumbing is the practice, materials and fixtures used in the installation or maintenance of all pipes in connection with both water supply and sanitary systems within or adjacent to any...

Commonly, on-site sanitation is equivalent to ‘household latrine’, but may also include facilities shared by several households living together on the same site. The more commonly known on-site...

SANITATION ” Sanitation” refers to all conditions that affect health, especially with regard to infection and specifically to the disposal of excreta, sullage and refuse from houses, hospitals and...

WATER POLLUTION Water pollution may be defined as the addition of any substance (pollutant) to water resource which may change the physical and chemical characteristics in any way which may interfere with its...

SEWERAGE  SYSTEM The underground conduit for the collection of sewage is called sewer. A network of sewers and appurtenances for the collection and conveyance of sewage generated from each of the properties...

Reverse Osmosis Plant Simple Process RO water treatment Plant Process Reverse osmosis RO water treatment plant process is that allows the removal of unwanted particles (salts) from a solution. Reverse Osmosis...

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF PRIMARY TREATMENT The first stages of waste water ( sewage ) treatment are commonly physical and aimed to remove larger suspended solids from waste water, primarily using gravity to allow...

Clariflocculator in Waste Water Treatments In large waste water treatment plants, the flocculator and the clarifier are combined together to achieve economy in construction. The combined unit of flocculator...

The sludge which is found in the bottom of a sedimentation tank in water treatment plant is primarily composed of water. The solids in the sludge are mainly flocs, excess coagulant, such as alum. Alum sludge...

Sedimentation basins have 4 zones 1. The Inlet zone, 2. The Settling zone, 3. The Sludge zone, and 4. The Outlet zone. Each zone should provide a smooth transition between the zone before and the zone...

The common types of sedimentation basins are rectangular basins, square or circular basins and Solid contact clarifiers. Rectangular Basins Rectangular basin showing Inlet& outlet Rectangular basins are...