Main breaksPipeline bursts/ main breaks can occur at any time and the maintenance wing shall have a plan for attending to such events. This plan must be written down, disseminated to all concerned and the...

Water Boonwater owes most of its properties to a very strong mutual bonding ( attraction) among its molecules. This strength is called hydrogen bonding. Because of it, water is normally in the liquid state,...

The objectives of the water distribution system are to supply water equitably to the consumers with sufficient pressure so as to discharge the water at the desired location within the premises. A water...

Softener Water TreatmentWhat is Hardness? Hardness is caused by hard water containing high concentration of calcium and magnesium ions. Water is considered to be hard if it has a hardness of 100 mg/L or more...

CLASSIFICATION OF WELLS Wells are the devices required for abstracting water from the groundwater sources. In groundwater development, the choice of well type, method of execution, the proper spacing of...

Distillation of Water treatmentDistillation is the one of the water treatment process involves the evaporation of water. In the Distillation watertreatment process the evaporated water leaves behind all...

Sources of water supplyIn nature water occurs abundantly as:water vapour in the atmosphere,as liquid water in inland waters and the ocean,as ice in polar regions, andas water of hydration in many rocks...

Water is used for industrial and municipal purposes. The largest water requirement is for municipal use but the standard of purity required for this purpose is quite different from that demanded for industrial...

WATER POLLUTIONWater pollution may be defined as the addition of any substance (pollutant) to water resource which may change the physical and chemical characteristics in any way which may interfere with its...