Advantages of WSPs areLagoon systems can be cost-effective to design and construct in areas where land is inexpensive.They use less energy than most waste water treatment methods.They are simple to operate...

Sources of water supplyIn nature water occurs abundantly as:water vapour in the atmosphere,as liquid water in inland waters and the ocean,as ice in polar regions, andas water of hydration in many rocks...

The Trickling filters are classified based on hydraulic or organic loading, as low rate trickling filter (LRTF), high rate trickling filter (HRTF) and Roughing Filter.1 Low Rate Trickling Filter (LRTF)The...

Different Systems of Plumbing?Two pipe systemOne pipe systemSingle stack system Partially ventilated single stack system.Two pipe systemThis is the best and most improved system of plumbing. Two...

Traps may be defined as fittings placed at the ends of the soil pipes or waste (sullage) pipes to prevent passage of foul gases from the pipes to the outside. The traps maintain water seal which is a...

Commonly, on-site sanitation is equivalent to ‘household latrine’, but may also include facilities shared by several households living together on the same site. The more commonly known on-site...

Desalination Water TreatmentDesalination is a one of the major water treatment process that removes dissolved minerals (including but not limited to salt) from seawater, brackish water, or treated waste...

Water Treatment CoagulantsCoagulant water treatment chemicals come in two main types -primary water treatment coagulants and coagulant aids.Primary coagulants neutralize the electrical charges of particles...