The extended aeration process is one of the modifications of the ASP. It is a complete mix system and provides biological treatment for the removal of biodegradable organic wastes under aerobic conditions. Air...

Water Treatments Method : Reverse Osmosis (RO) water treatment process involves water being forced under pressure ( Osmotic Pressure ) through a semipermeable  RO water treatments membrane. In this Reverse...

Objectives of Water Treatment  The Water Treatments are to remove the different impurities present in the raw water, to render the water safe and clean and to ensure the water treatment process and treated...

Trickling Filters in Waste Water Treatment Trickling Filter A Trickling water treatment filter (TF), an attached growth system, consists of a fixed bed of highly permeable media on whose surface a mixed...

Effects of Excess Concentration of Fluoride :  Fluoride  which is naturally in groundwater in concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg/L to 10 mg/L. The chemical originates in several minerals. As groundwater...

HISTORY OF WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS Wastewater lagoons have been used as a process for wastewater treatment for centuries. In the 1920′s artificial ponds were designed and constructed to receive and...

Cage Rotor One or more mechanical surface aerators with horizontal axis, generally known as cage rotors are attached to the side of the ditch. Cage rotors generally resemble a large circular brush. The cage...

Description of Oxidation Ditch Oxidation ditch is an extended aeration activated sludge process. An oxidation ditch is a large holding tank in a continuous ditch with oval shape similar to that of a racetrack....

Aeration serves three important functions : Mixing the returned sludge with effluent from primary treatment, Keeping the activated sludge in suspension, and Supplying the oxygen to the biochemical...

The rotating biological contactor (RBC) has been used in Europe for many years to treat both municipal and industrial waste waters. RBC’s produce a high quality effluent. RBC’s are fixed-film...

The Trickling filters are classified based on hydraulic or organic loading, as low rate trickling filter (LRTF), high rate trickling filter (HRTF) and Roughing Filter. 1 Low Rate Trickling Filter (LRTF) The...

Advantages of Trickling filtration plant Simple and reliable process that is suitable in areas where large tracts of land are not available for a WSP treatment system Effective in treating high...

Advantage and disadvantage of biological...